> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.nested-knowledge.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.nested-knowledge.com/guides/write-a-search-query/europepmc.md).

# EuropePMC

Learn how to write a EuropePMC search query.

EuropePMC combines PubMed and PMC with two sources PubMed alone doesn't cover: the [Agricola](https://agricola.nal.usda.gov/) agricultural literature index, and preprints from 24 life-sciences preprint servers. 

Choose EuropePMC over PubMed when your review needs preprint coverage, agricultural literature, or full-text search rather than title/abstract/keyword search alone. 

### Write A Boolean Query

Use AND, OR, and NOT to combine search terms, quotation marks for an exact phrase, and parentheses to group terms and set priority order. For example:

```
stroke AND (trevo OR solitaire) AND "modified Rankin Scale"
```

retrieves publications with the word stroke, either trevo or solitaire, and the exact phrase "modified Rankin Scale," anywhere in title, abstract, or keywords.

### Search Specific Fields

EuropePMC's field syntax differs from PubMed's: use `(FIELD:term)` rather than `term[FIELD]`. A query built for PubMed needs these tags rewritten before it will run correctly here — see EuropePMC's [full field list](https://europepmc.org/searchsyntax#field-search) for everything beyond what's covered below.

#### Keyword Fields

EuropePMC doesn't apply MeSH terms automatically, but you can search attached keywords directly with `(KW:term)`.

#### Author, Journal, And Other Named Fields

* Author — `(AUTH:name)`
* Journal — `(JOUR:name)`
* Volume — `(VOLUME:number)`
* Issue — `(ISSUE:number)`

#### Filter By Study Traits

* Publication type — one of EuropePMC's supported types, for example `(PUB_TYPE:review)`
* Abstract available — append `(HAS_ABSTRACT)`
* PDF full text available — append `(HAS_PDF)`
* Publication date — `FIRST_PDATE:[YYYY-MM-DD TO YYYY-MM-DD]`, or `PUB_YEAR:YYYY` for a single year. EuropePMC treats 3000 as "through the present" — for example, `FIRST_PDATE:[2015 TO 3000]`
* Language — `(LANG:language)`
* Open access only — `(OPEN_ACCESS)`

#### Filter By Study Contents

* Title only — `(TITLE:text)`
* Abstract only — `(ABSTRACT:text)`
* Body text only — `(BODY:text)`

### Build A Strong Search

PICO, Automatic Term Mapping, and expanding-or-narrowing guidance apply the same way here as on PubMed — see [PubMed](/guides/write-a-search-query/pubmed.md) for the full explanation, and Best Search Practices for more depth.

### FAQs

<details>

<summary>Can I reuse a PubMed query in EuropePMC without changes?</summary>

No — the field syntax differs (`term[FIELD]` versus `(FIELD:term)`), so a query needs its field tags rewritten before it runs correctly here.

</details>

<details>

<summary>Does EuropePMC cover the same records as PubMed?</summary>

It includes PubMed and PMC, plus Agricola and life-sciences preprints, so EuropePMC's results are a superset for most biomedical topics — but coverage isn't identical concept-for-concept, since term mapping and indexing differ between the two.

</details>


---

# Agent Instructions
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## Querying This Documentation
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```
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```

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